In the ultimate Gimkit vs Mentimeter showdown, Gimkit reigns supreme for gamified learning and sustained student motivation to learn, specifically in K-12 settings. However, Mentimeter is the undisputed champion for professional interactive presentations and real-time audience feedback in higher education and corporate training. Both are top-tier interactive learning platforms comparison options, but your winner depends entirely on your classroom’s goals.
Introduction
In the battle for student attention, two platforms are leading the charge—but only one can claim victory in your classroom. We’re talking about the titans of interactive presentation platforms: Gimkit and Mentimeter.
If you’re an educator, a corporate trainer, or anyone tasked with boosting student engagement in a hybrid or virtual environment, you know the struggle is real. The days of passive learning—the dreaded “death by PowerPoint”—are thankfully behind us. The rise of interactive learning technology has made real-time quizzes, polls, and games the new standard.
But here’s the million-dollar question that teachers everywhere are searching for: which tool should you bet your time and budget on? Is the pure, adrenaline-fueled gamified learning of Gimkit the answer, or do the clean, professional polls and surveys of Mentimeter offer a better return?
This isn’t just a simple review; it’s the definitive, deep-dive Gimkit vs Mentimeter guide for 2025. We’ll go head-to-head on everything from pricing and interface to the actual learning outcomes they deliver. By the end, you’ll have a crystal-clear answer to “Gimkit vs Mentimeter, which is better” for your specific needs, helping you choose the best interactive classroom technology 2025 has to offer.
The Contenders: Meet Your Interactive Learning Champions
Before the bells ring for the first round, let’s get to know our two champions. Each platform comes from a different background, and that history still defines its core user experience today. Understanding their philosophy is the first step in this interactive learning platforms comparison.
In the Red Corner: Gimkit – The Gamification Gladiator
Gimkit is the wild card, the student-built powerhouse that focuses purely on making learning feel like play.
Platform Origins and Philosophy
The Gimkit story is famously one of “by students, for students.” It was founded by Josh Feinsilber while he was still a high school student. This background explains its game-first approach to learning—the entire structure, from the colors to the sound effects, is designed to tap into the competitive spirit of K-12 students. The core philosophy is straightforward: if you make the content fun, the learning will follow. It uses competition and strategy as core elements to drive motivation.
Core Value Proposition
Gimkit’s value is often summarized as: “Learning disguised as gaming.”
Instead of merely answering questions, students earn in-game “money,” which they can use to buy power-ups, bonuses, or even sabotage their classmates (in good fun, of course). This creates a layer of real-time strategy elements that goes beyond simple knowledge recall. It encourages long-term engagement sustainability because students aren’t just trying to win the current quiz; they’re working toward earning Gimkit coins for the next round. It is the premier example of gamified learning vs polls and surveys. For those new to the platform, you can check the official Account FAQ for details on the free and paid versions.
In the Blue Corner: Mentimeter – The Interaction Innovator
Mentimeter is the slick, professional counterpart, built for clarity and instantaneous, broad audience participation.
Platform Origins and Evolution
Mentimeter comes from a more corporate, Stockholm-based background, focusing on professional presentation integration and seamless audience real-time interaction. While it has made significant strides in education, its roots are in transforming boring meetings and lectures into dynamic, two-way conversations. Its philosophy centers on empowering the presenter and ensuring every voice in the room (or virtual meeting) is heard.
Core Value Proposition
Mentimeter’s core value is: “Turning presentations into conversations.”
It focuses on providing a wide variety of sophisticated interactive presentation platforms tools—from word clouds and live $\text{Q&A sessions}$ to multiple poll variety and sophistication. Its strength lies in its ability to generate real-time audience feedback instantly and cleanly, making it perfect for formative assessment and critical thinking through discussions without the distraction of gamified elements. For those looking for Mentimeter alternatives for education that prioritize presentation, this is the benchmark.
Round 1: User Interface and Experience Battle
In this round, we look at which platform feels better to use for both the teacher/presenter and the student/participant.Â
Gimkit’s Gaming Interface
The student dashboard experience is where Gimkit shines. It looks and feels like a video game, complete with avatars and a frenetic energy that instantly hooks students.
Student Dashboard Experience
The game-like navigation and controls are intuitive for any student who has ever picked up a console or a mobile game. Visual appeal and engagement factors are maximized with bright colors, animations, and sound effects.
- Pro Tip: Gimkit is fantastic for hybrid learning settings; students can easily join from their own smartphones, laptops, or tablets, making mobile responsiveness and accessibility a non-issue.
Teacher Control Panel
The Teacher Control Panel is surprisingly clean for a game-first tool. Kit creation and management are simple, allowing teachers to quickly create question sets or import them from Quizlet.Â
Mentimeter’s Professional Interface
Mentimeter offers a calm, minimalist, and very clean experience that feels ready for a boardroom or a university lecture hall.
Participant Experience
The participant experience prioritizes an easy joining process and participation. Students simply enter a code at the top of their screen, and they are in—no accounts necessary (a huge win for data privacy and student registration). The clean design supports anonymous interaction capabilities, which is excellent for sensitive topics or higher-level academic discussions where students might fear judgment.
Presenter Dashboard
The presentation creation workflow is built for speed and integration. It looks like a simplified PowerPoint or Google Slides editor. Data export and analysis tools are strong, letting presenters easily gather audience response analytics.
Interface Showdown Winner: Tie (Contextual)
Category | Gimkit | Mentimeter | Winner |
Visual Design | High energy, game-focused, busy. | Clean, professional, minimalist. | Mentimeter (for clarity) |
Learning Curve | Extremely low for students; low for teachers. | Extremely low for participants; low for presenters. | Gimkit (for overall simplicity) |
Best for | K-12 Student Engagement | Higher Ed/Corporate Audience Participation | Tie |
Why the Tie? | Gimkit wins on pure fun factor, but Mentimeter wins on clean, professional usability and anonymous interaction. |
Round 2: Engagement and Motivation Mechanisms
This is the core of the Gimkit vs Mentimeter battle: gamification vs interaction tools. What really motivates a learner to participate? We must consider the challenges of sustaining student engagement in K-12 education.
Gimkit’s Gamification Arsenal
Gimkit’s entire premise is built on competition-based motivation. It doesn’t just quiz; it sets up an economy.
Competition-Based Motivation
The platform brilliantly utilizes leaderboard psychology and effectiveness not just for speed, but for strategy. A student who answers slowly but uses their money for an in-game “insurance” or a “streak bonus” might still win. This complexity adds a layer of strategic thinking development that goes beyond rote memorization. This is the gold standard for gamified learning. This strategic element is essential for knowing how to win every Gimkit game.
Strategic Gaming Elements
The Power-up systems are the secret sauce. By allowing students to spend their hard-earned virtual money on risk vs reward mechanics, the student is no longer just a participant—they have student ownership and creativity over their success. To learn more about this strategic depth, check out our guide on the popular Fishtopia Gimkit game mode. This is why Gimkit is cited as a successful example of educational technology interventions.
Mentimeter’s Interaction Strategies
Mentimeter focuses on participation-focused engagement by lowering the barrier to entry and creating an inclusive environment.
Participation-Focused Engagement
Mentimeter excels at creating an inclusive learning environment. Since interaction can be anonymous, contribution comfort, students who are shy, unsure of the answer, or who struggle with public speaking can still have their voices heard. This is invaluable for generating honest, real-time feedback on complex subjects.
Professional Engagement Tools
The platform offers sophisticated live polling features, including word clouds that provide instant, beautiful visualization of class sentiment or keywords. The Q&A feature allows for democratic question upvoting, meaning the presenter only has to address the most pressing issues.
Engagement Champion Decision: Gimkit
Gimkit’s gamification elements and competitive structure provide a deeper, more sustained, and fun motivation, especially for the K-12 audience (the primary market for these tools).
- However, for Higher Education and Corporate Training, Mentimeter wins. When the goal is an honest pulse check, collecting sophisticated audience response analytics, or running inclusive Q&A sessions during a professional seminar, the lack of a “game” is actually a strength.
Round 3: Content Creation and Management
A great tool is useless if it takes hours to build a single lesson. Here, we compare the time-to-value analysis of each platform.
Gimkit Content Development
Gimkit prioritizes rapid content deployment, often leveraging existing question banks.
Kit Creation Process
The Kit Creation Process is fast. Teachers can create questions manually or, crucially, use the powerful Question import and creation tools to pull content from flashcard sites like Quizlet or even a simple spreadsheet. The time investment for quality kits is therefore relatively low. Gimkit also allows for student-generated content possibilities via its “KitCollab” feature, turning review creation into a collaborative assignment.
Content Customization Options
Gimkit allows for decent subject-specific adaptations and difficulty scaling capabilities by tagging questions. While you can add images, the multimedia integration options are secondary to the question-and-answer core. For strategies on getting the best performance, including during high-speed games, see our tips for fixing lag issues in Gimkit.
Mentimeter Content Building
Mentimeter is built for the rapid assembly of sophisticated, professional presentations.
Presentation Assembly
Mentimeter offers an excellent template availability and quality, making rapid content creation workflows a breeze. Its question type variety and sophistication (scales, ranking, grid matrices, open-ended) far exceeds Gimkit’s primarily quiz-based format. Multimedia integration capabilities are strong, allowing easy embedding of videos, images, and GIFs directly into presentation slides.
Content Management Features
The platform is designed for professional reusability and template systems. For school or corporate accounts, collaboration and sharing options are robust, allowing multiple presenters to work on the same slide deck.
Content Creation Champion: Mentimeter
Mentimeter takes this round. While Gimkit is fast for simple quiz creation, Mentimeter’s variety of question type variety and sophistication and professional rapid content creation workflows give it a huge edge for interactive learning tools for teachers who value a comprehensive presentation tool.
Round 4: Educational Value and Learning Outcomes
The ultimate test: does the platform actually improve knowledge retention and student performance improvements?
Gimkit’s Learning Impact
The gamification’s educational benefits are clear: it provides immense motivation, leading to high participation improvement.
Gamification’s Educational Benefits
The constant, low-stakes repetition of facts within a competitive loop significantly aids knowledge retention through repetition. More uniquely, the strategic thinking development required to manage money and power-ups adds an element of non-cognitive skill-building to a typical review session. You can choose to emphasize the social aspects by running a competitive vs cooperative learning in Gimkit game.
Assessment and Progress Tracking
Gimkit provides surprisingly deep real-time learning analytics and individual progress monitoring. Teachers can see the exact questions students missed and how their in-game earnings related to their mastery-based progression systems. This data is crucial for data-driven instruction support. Learning how to track student progress in Gimkit is key to making this tool effective.
Mentimeter’s Educational Contributions
Mentimeter’s value lies in its power for formative assessment and establishing a safe, active learning environment.
Interactive Learning Benefits
Mentimeter forces active participation vs passive consumption. By requiring an input to advance, it ensures students are mentally checked in. The inclusive learning environment creation (due to anonymity) promotes critical thinking through discussions and a more honest gauge of class understanding.
Formative Assessment Capabilities
Mentimeter excels at real-time understanding checks and misconception identification. You can use a single word cloud to see if the class grasps the core concept, allowing for immediate adaptive teaching responses. It’s the perfect interactive presentation platform tool for quick, on-the-fly adjustments during a lecture. Teachers can further align their teaching by cross-referencing their questions with the Common Core State Standards Initiative guidelines.
Educational Impact Winner: Gimkit
Gimkit edges out Mentimeter here because its gamification elements lead to a superior long-term educational value in the K-12 space. The game loop intrinsically encourages the necessary repetition for knowledge retention.
- The Caveat: Mentimeter is superior for immediate, honest, and sophisticated formative assessment in a lecture environment, especially for older or professional audiences.
Round 5: Pricing and Value Proposition
For the vast majority of educators, the Mentimeter vs Gimkit pricing comparison is the deciding factor.
Gimkit Investment Analysis
Gimkit offers a simple, but often restrictive, free tier.
Free vs Paid Feature Breakdown
The Gimkit free plan is severely limited—it restricts the number of players and game modes. The key decision for educators is the Gimkit Pro tier, which unlocks all features and, crucially, the ability to assign asynchronous homework (Assignments).
Gimkit Tier | Key Feature | Cost (Annual, approx.) |
Free | Limited game modes, low player cap. | $0 |
Pro | All modes, Assignments (homework), Roster Sync. | ∼$60/year |
The ROI for engagement improvement is high if you consider how much student time and attention is recovered versus the annual fee. This is a crucial metric for evaluating best interactive classroom technology 2025 budget decisions. For a deeper look at the free vs. paid benefits, consult Gimkit’s Troubleshooting Documentation.
Mentimeter Cost Structure
Mentimeter’s pricing is based on professional use and scales for large audience participation.
Subscription Tier Analysis
The Mentimeter free plan features and restrictions are also notable: you are limited to two quiz questions and five regular questions per presentation. However, its value proposition assessment is often tied to the unlimited number of participants in paid plans—a significant advantage for large Higher Education and Corporate Training settings.
Mentimeter Tier | Key Feature | Cost (Annual, approx.) |
Free | 2 Quiz slides, 5 Content slides (per presentation) | $0 |
Basic (Edu) | Unlimited slides, Export to Excel. | ∼$84/year |
Pro (Edu) | All Basic + Collaboration, Custom Branding. | ∼$180/year |
Value Proposition Assessment
Mentimeter’s Cost per interaction calculations are very low for large groups, making it ideal for university lectures with hundreds of students. The professional polish also quantifies time savings for corporate trainers who need a reliable, clean tool.
Pricing Champion Determination: Gimkit
For the individual K-12 teacher, Gimkit offers the best value for different user types. While the free plan is limited, the Pro subscription is competitively priced to deliver maximum gamified learning and long-term engagement requirements for a single teacher’s budget.
- Note: For the professional use case (large-scale presentations), Mentimeter offers a superior budget flexibility analysis due to its unlimited participant count.
Round 6: Integration and Technical Capabilities
No modern educational technology tool exists in a vacuum. It must play nicely with your Learning Management System (LMS) and presentation tools.
Gimkit Technical Infrastructure
Gimkit’s technical strengths lie in its LMS connectivity, primarily for K-12.
Learning Management System Integration
Gimkit is deeply integrated with the K-12 ecosystem. Google Classroom connectivity is seamless, allowing for student roster synchronization and grade passback capabilities. This saves teachers valuable time on classroom management tasks.
Device and Browser Support
The entire platform is web-based, ensuring strong cross-platform compatibility. The Internet bandwidth requirements are low, making it effective for remote engagement or classrooms with less-than-perfect Wi-Fi.
Mentimeter Technical Features
Mentimeter focuses its integration power on presentation software.
Presentation Platform Integration
This is Mentimeter’s clear win. The platform offers direct PowerPoint and Google Slides plugins, allowing presenters to embed polls directly into their existing slides. This is a game-changer for those who are not ready to abandon their presentation decks. Zoom and Teams integration are also robust for virtual classrooms.
Technical Performance
Mentimeter is known for its excellent reliability and uptime statistics, a critical factor when presenting to a large audience. Scalability for large audiences is a key feature—a Mentimeter Pro account can handle an unlimited number of participants, which is essential for large conferences or university halls.
Technical Superiority Decision: Mentimeter
Mentimeter’s deep integration ecosystem comparison with professional presentation software (PowerPoint/Google Slides) and its superior scalability for large audiences give it the technical edge. Gimkit is great for LMS integration, but Mentimeter covers a wider range of interactive presentation platforms’ needs.
Use Case Scenarios: When Each Platform Wins
The best answer to “Gimkit vs Mentimeter, which is better” is: it depends entirely on who you are teaching and what you are teaching.
Elementary Education Applications
Gimkit for Young Learners
Gimkit is a natural fit for Elementary engagement transformation. The age-appropriate gamification and instant gratification perfectly align with the attention spans of young learners. Its simplicity ensures that safety and supervision requirements are met through clear teacher controls.
Mentimeter for Elementary Use
Mentimeter can work, but mostly for simple interaction needs like quick “how are you feeling?” polls or a single word cloud to brainstorm ideas. Its use is limited because the professional, minimalist interface lacks the fun factor needed for sustained K-5 student engagement.
Middle and High School Implementations
Gimkit’s Teen Appeal
This is Gimkit’s prime territory. The competitive motivation effectiveness is highest here, leveraging peer interaction benefits to drive learning. The introduction of more advanced strategy development in the game modes appeals directly to this age group.
Mentimeter’s Academic Applications
Mentimeter is excellent for formal presentation integration in high school, especially for debate preparation, anonymous feedback comfort on controversial topics, or for quickly assessing class understanding after a lecture. It provides professional skill preparation for university or the workplace.
Higher Education and Corporate Training
Gimkit in Advanced Settings
Gimkit is increasingly being used in Adult gamification effectiveness for professional development applications and team building possibilities. Game modes that focus on skills-based competition formats can be a refreshing break from traditional training methods.
Mentimeter’s Professional Strengths
Mentimeter is the clear leader for Higher Education and Corporate Training. Its Conference and seminar integration is unmatched, providing large audience management for keynotes and ensuring professional networking facilitation through live Q&A and polls.
Use Case Champion by Context
Context | Learning Goal | Champion |
K-12 (Middle/High School) | Repetition, Retention, Motivation | Gimkit |
University Lecture | Real-time understanding check, Anonymous Q&A | Mentimeter |
Corporate Training/Meeting | Professional interaction, Data collection | Mentimeter |
Flipped/Remote Learning | Asynchronous Assignments, Independent learning opportunities | Gimkit |
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Real-World Success Stories and Case Studies
Gimkit Implementation Victories
K-12 Success Stories
In Middle school motivation improvement, Gimkit is often credited with solving the “dead zone” of student participation. Teachers have reported that the ability to earn in-game money and strategize made review sessions the most anticipated part of the class, leading to Quantifiable learning outcomes in test scores after using the platform for review.
Creative Implementation Examples
One remote learning adaptation case study highlighted a high school history teacher who used Gimkit’s collaborative “Trust No One” mode to simulate historical alliances and betrayals, proving its use extends beyond just quizzing. This taps into Student-led learning initiatives.
Mentimeter Achievement Stories
Educational Institution Successes
A major university in the UK used Mentimeter to handle anonymous research and data collection during large introductory lectures. The professor could instantly visualize student responses to complex ethical questions, enabling University lecture improvements through immediate, targeted follow-up discussions.
Corporate Training Applications
A Fortune 500 company utilizes Mentimeter for all large-scale webinars. The Meeting productivity enhancements are due to the structured Q&A feature, which eliminates off-topic questions and ensures the most upvoted items are addressed. This quantifies that Training effectiveness increases by ensuring trainers focus on what the audience actually needs.
The Verdict: Declaring the Interactive Learning Champion
This Gimkit vs Mentimeter showdown is too close to call a knockout winner for all use cases, but we can declare clear champions based on the context.
Scoring the Showdown
Round | Focus | Gimkit Winner? | Mentimeter Winner? | Round Winner |
1 | Interface & UX | ✓ (Game Appeal) | ✓ (Professional Clarity) | Tie |
2 | Student Engagement | ✓✓✓ (Gamification) | ✓ (Anonymous Polls) | Gimkit |
3 | Content Creation | ✓ (Speed of Kit Creation) | ✓✓✓ (Variety & Templates) | Mentimeter |
4 | Educational Value | ✓✓ (Retention via Game Loop) | ✓ (Formative Assessment) | Gimkit |
5 | Pricing and Value | ✓✓ (Best ROI for Individual Teacher) | ✓ (Unlimited Participants) | Gimkit |
6 | Technical Capability | ✓ (LMS Integration) | ✓✓✓ (Presentation Plugins/Scale) | Mentimeter |
Overall Champion Declaration: Gimkit
Based on a weighted scoring for the typical K-12 educator seeking pure, sustained student engagement and gamification vs interaction tools capability, Gimkit takes the crown. It delivers on its promise of making learning irresistible.
When Each Platform Reigns Supreme
Gimkit Domination Scenarios
Choose Gimkit if your primary goal is gamification-first educational environments. It is best for long-term engagement requirements, especially for middle and high school students, and when you need asynchronous homework and data-driven instruction support seamlessly integrated with your LMS.
Mentimeter Victory Conditions
Choose Mentimeter when you need professional presentation integration above all else. It is the tool for large audience management needs, formal classroom management checks, or when anonymous feedback priorities are crucial for fostering an open discussion environment. This platform truly masters interactive presentation platforms.
The Ultimate Recommendation
Don’t think of this as an either/or. Think of it as a specialized toolbox.
- Your Strategy: Use Gimkit for review, practice, homework, and knowledge retention.
- Your Strategy: Use Mentimeter for introducing new units, gathering real-time understanding checks, brainstorming, and running professional PD sessions.
By adopting a Hybrid approach possibilities, you leverage the possibilities of both, ensuring you have the best interactive classroom technology 2025 has to offer for every learning objective.
Implementation Guide: Getting Started with Your Champion
Ready to transform your classroom with your chosen champion? Here are the first steps.
Gimkit Launch Strategy
First Steps for New Users
- Account Setup: Use your Google Account for the easy joining process and to ensure seamless future Google Classroom connectivity.
- Initial Kit Creation: Start by importing an existing Quizlet or a simple CSV of questions—don’t try to build a massive kit from scratch.
- Student Onboarding: Run a simple “How to Play” session before introducing the first content review to minimize distractions and technical friction.
- Success Measurement: Track the “Participation Rate” and “Assignment Completion Rate” in the Gimkit reports to measure ROI for engagement improvement.
Advanced Implementation
For a School-wide rollout planning, establish a shared Kit Library, and encourage collaborative content development among your subject-area teams to save time.
Mentimeter Deployment Plan
Getting Started Efficiently
- Account Configuration: Set up your free account and focus on the Presentation Assembly workflow.
- First Presentation: Integrate a single Word Cloud question into an existing PowerPoint or Google Slides deck to test the integration.
- Audience Onboarding: Practice the “Go to Menti.com and enter the code” process until it’s second nature.
- Integration Setup: Prioritize setting up the PowerPoint and Google Slides plugins to avoid swapping between windows.
Scaling Your Usage
For Enterprise implementation planning, invest in the Pro plan for Team training and adoption features, ensuring all presenters use a consistent, branded template for maximum professionalism. Remember, for Higher Education and Corporate Training, Scalability for large audiences is your biggest asset.
Conclusion
The “Gimkit vs Mentimeter” debate isn’t about one being definitively better; it’s about choosing the right specialized tool for the job. Gimkit is the undisputed king of gamified learning and K-12 motivation, providing deep long-term engagement requirements through competition and strategy. Mentimeter is the clear champion for interactive presentation platforms, dominating Higher Education and Corporate Training with its professional clarity, sophisticated audience participation tools, and unparalleled integration.
The future of educational technology in 2025 requires you to be a digital conductor, not just a content dispenser. Leverage the high-energy fun of Gimkit to reinforce learning, and use the clean, honest feedback of Mentimeter to guide your teaching on the fly. Start your free trial with your preferred champion today, or better yet, embrace the power of a hybrid approach and use both to create the most engaging, data-driven learning environment your students have ever experienced.
Frequently Asked Questions
Platform Selection Questions
Can I use both Gimkit and Mentimeter together?
Absolutely. This is the optimal implementation strategy advice. Use Gimkit for knowledge retention through repetition and fun review games (low-stakes formative assessment). Use Mentimeter for high-level brainstorming, quick comprehension checks at the beginning of a lecture, or anonymous Q&A sessions (high-stakes formative assessment).
Which platform works better for remote learning?
Gimkit is generally better for remote learning. Its game modes are designed to keep students engaged even when separated, and its asynchronous homework feature (Assignments) is a perfect fit for a flipped classroom model. Mentimeter excels in synchronous, live, and recorded presentation settings.
How do these platforms compare to Kahoot and Nearpod?
- Gimkit vs Kahoot!: Gimkit is a gamification vs interaction tools evolution of Kahoot!. While Kahoot! is a great trivia tool, Gimkit adds strategic gaming elements and an in-game economy, making it far more complex and engaging for long-term engagement requirements.
- Mentimeter vs Nearpod: Nearpod is a full-lesson delivery system (a “presentation sandwich”) with interactive elements embedded. Mentimeter is purely a presentation interaction innovator that plugs into your existing content (PowerPoint, Google Slides). Nearpod is for deep lesson structure; Mentimeter is for quick, live feedback.
What’s the learning curve for teachers new to interactive tech?
The learning curve for both is very low. Gimkit’s controls are intuitive, and Mentimeter’s interface mimics presentation software. A teacher comfortable with Google Slides can master the basics of either tool in under 30 minutes, ensuring teacher satisfaction and effectiveness.
Mentimeter vs Gimkit pricing comparison: Which is cheaper?
Gimkit’s Pro subscription is typically cheaper than Mentimeter’s paid Education tier on an annual basis, offering better cost per student calculations for a single K-12 teacher. Mentimeter becomes more cost-effective when you have very large audiences (500+ participants) due to its unlimited participant count in paid plans.